Is the “Law of Excluded Middle” Really a Law?
The so-called “Law of Excluded Middle” (LEM) is often taken to be one of the most fundamental laws of logic. It may be expressed as follows: (LEM) For any proposition p, either p is true or p is not-true. LEM is to be distinguished from the Principle of Bivalence (BV), which states: (BV) For any… Read More »